比较级是英语中用于比较两个事物差异的重要语法结构,其基本句型结构可分为以下几种类型:
一、 the +比较级,the +比较级
表示“越……越……”,前半部分相当于条件状语从句,后半部分为结果。需用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I'll be able to answer them. (问题越难,我越答不出来)
The faster she runs, the sooner we'll arrive. (她跑得越快,我们越早到达)
二、 比较级 + and + 比较级
表示“越来越……”,单音节形容词/副词用“-er + and + -er”,多音节形容词用“more + 形容词/副词”。例如:
The weather is getting warmer and warmer every day. (天气越来越暖和)
His skills are improving and improving. (他的技能越来越好)
三、 同级比较结构
as + 形容词/副词原型 + as
表示“和……一样……”,例如:
- She is as tall as her mother. (她和她妈妈一样高)
- The movie was as exciting as I expected. (电影和我的预期一样令人兴奋)
as + 形容词/副词 + 名词 + as
用于不可数名词或抽象概念,例如:
- The cake tastes as delicious as the one I had yesterday. (蛋糕和昨天的一样好吃)
no + 比较级 + than
表示“不如……”,相当于“neither ... nor ...”,例如:
- This car is no faster than my old one. (这辆汽车不如我的旧车快)
四、 降级比较结构
形容词比较级 + than
表示“不如……”,例如:
This problem is easier than that one. (这个问题比那个简单)
五、 特殊用法
两者中较……
用“the +比较级 + of the two”,例如:
- He is the taller of the two brothers. (他是两兄弟中较高的那个)
最高级
用于三者或三者以上比较,需加定冠词the,例如:
- This is the best movie we've seen. (这是我们看过的最好的电影)
注意事项
比较级前通常需加定冠词the,但部分结构(如“as...as”)可省略;
不规则形容词(如bad/well)的比较级需特殊变化(如worse/better);
部分结构中,than后主句谓语可省略(如“The more...,the less...”)。通过掌握这些结构,可灵活运用比较级进行准确表达。