主从句的谓语动词形式取决于从句的功能和所表达的意义,具体规则如下:
一、主从句谓语动词的基本规则
单数形式为主 主语从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:
- What he said surprised everyone.
复数形式为辅
当从句指代复数内容时,谓语动词需用复数形式。例如:
- The problems they raised need immediate attention.
二、特殊情形处理
what引导的从句
- 单数意义:谓语用单数(如:What he said is true.)
- 复数意义:谓语用复数(如:What they want is...)
并列结构中的主从句
若主从句并列作主语,需根据“就近原则”确定谓语动词形式。例如:
- The manager, who is very experienced, and the new team are meeting tomorrow.
*注:此处因“the new team”是复数,所以谓语用复数are*
其他引导词的情况
- that引导: 无论单复数,均用单数谓语(如:That she passed the exam surprised her parents.) - if/whether引导
- why引导:用单数谓语(如:Why he was late puzzled everyone.)
三、示例总结
| 从句类型 | 谓语动词形式 | 示例 |
|----------------|----------------|-------------------------------|
| What (单数意义) | is | What he said is true. |
| What (复数意义) | are | What they want is... |
| If/whether | is | If it rains, ... |
| that| is | The movie that started late... |
四、注意事项
避免混淆:若从句中有be动词,需根据主语单复数调整be动词形式(如:The problem that exists... )
语境为王:实际使用中需结合语义判断,避免仅依赖形式
通过以上规则,可有效判断主从句谓语动词的形式,提升英语表达准确性。