名词性从句是英语语法中的一种特殊句型,指在复合句中起名词作用的从句。其功能相当于名词词组,可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或介词宾语等。根据在句中的位置和功能,名词性从句主要分为以下四类:
主语从句
位于主句谓语之前或由形式主语it代替,例如:
- "What makes this movie so interesting?"(主语从句作主语)
- "It is obvious that he is right."(it作形式主语)
宾语从句
作动词、介词或形容词的宾语,例如:
- "I wonder if she will call you back."(宾语从句作wonder的宾语)
- "She likes the book that you recommended."(定语从句作宾语,非名词性从句)
表语从句
作系动词(如be动词)的表语,例如:
- "He is the man who saved the day."(表语从句作系动词is的表语)
- "The problem is that we don't have enough time."(表语从句作系动词is的表语)
同位语从句
作名词的补充说明,例如:
- "The news that the meeting was postponed is surprising."(同位语从句作名词news的补充说明)
关键点补充
引导词分类:
从属连词(如that, whether, if):引导主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句,不可省略
连接代词(如what, whoever):引导宾语从句,可作主语、宾语等成分
特殊结构:
强调句中可用it作形式主语,例如:
- "He did the homework that I asked him to do."(it指代that引导的宾语从句)
名词性从句通过替代名词简化句子结构,同时保持语义完整性,是英语表达中不可或缺的句型。