一、分词作状语
表示时间 - The meeting started as soon as
the CEO arrived.
(会议一听到CEO到达就开始。)
表示原因
- The project was delayed because ofthe bad weather.
(项目因恶劣天气而延误。)
表示伴随状况
- She walked whilereading a book.
(她边读书边走。)
省略从句
- The letter which/thatthe company sent arrived yesterday.
(公司寄来的信昨天到了。)→ The letter sent by the company arrived yesterday.
(主句主语与从句主语一致时,可省略从句主语)
二、分词作表语
现在分词表主动/性质
- The cake bakingin the oven smells delicious.
(烤箱里烤蛋糕的香味很香。)
过去分词表被动/完成
- The movie releasedlast year was a box office hit.
(去年上映的电影大获成功。)
三、分词作定语
现在分词作定语
- The runningman over there is my friend.
(那边跑的那个人是我的朋友。)
过去分词作定语
- The brokenwindow needs to be repaired.
(破碎的窗户需要修理。)
注意事项
主动/被动关系: 主谓关系用现在分词(如 eating
逻辑主语一致:分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常与主句主语一致。
省略规则:当从句主语与主句主语一致且谓语为be动词时,可省略从句(如 He passed the exam, which surprised everyone→ He passed the exam, surprising everyone)。
通过以上结构,分词在句子中可灵活承担不同语法功能,增强表达的简洁性与准确性。