非限制性定语从句的引导词主要包括以下几类:
一、关系代词
who 用于指代人,并在从句中作主语(如:This is the man who
called you last night.)。
whom
用于指代人,并在从句中作宾语(如:Tom is the friend whomI met yesterday.)。
which
用于指代物,并在从句中作主语或宾语(如:This is the book whichyou borrowed from the library.)。
whose
用于指代人或物,作定语(如:The girl whosecat is sleeping on the sofa is my neighbor.)。
as
可用于指代前面提到的整个主句内容(如:As I was leaving, the meeting started.)。
二、关系副词
when
引导定语从句时,先行词为时间名词(如:This song reminds me of the day whenwe first met.)。
where
引导定语从句时,先行词为地点名词(如:The park wherewe had our picnic is beautiful.)。
三、注意事项
that 不可引导非限制性定语从句
无论先行词是人还是物,非限制性定语从句均需用上述关系代词或副词引导,不能用that。
关系代词作宾语时的省略规则
- 指人时只能用whom,不能省略(如:Tom likes the movie whomhe watched last night.)。
- 指物时which不可省略(如:This is the car whichis parked outside.)。
特殊结构
- 介词+关系代词: 如 in which
- 关系副词独立主格结构:如 The meeting started, as I was leaving.(非限制性定语从句)。
四、典型错误示例
错误:Tom, which we talked about, is my friend.
正确:
Tom, about whomwe talked, is my friend.
通过以上分类和规则,可以系统掌握非限制性定语从句的引导词用法。