在英语疑问句中,be动词(am/is/are)和助动词do/did的选用取决于句子的谓语动词类型。以下是详细说明:
一、be动词(am/is/are)的用法
与状态动词连用 当谓语动词为表示状态、身份、职业、性格、健康等状态的动词时,需用be动词提问。例如:
- Are you a teacher?(职业状态)
- Is he feeling better now?(健康状态)
- Were you at the party last night?(过去状态)
与进行时态连用
表示正在进行的动作时,be动词需与现在分词(-ing)连用。例如:
- Is she reading a book right now?(现在进行时)
- Were they playing soccer last weekend?(过去进行时)
特殊结构
在某些特殊结构中,be动词可提前构成疑问句,如:
- This is a beautiful painting. → Is this a beautiful painting?(系表结构)
二、助动词do/did的用法
与实义动词连用
当谓语动词为表示行为、动作的实义动词时,需用do(第三人称单数用does)提问。例如:
- Do you like ice cream?(行为动词)
- Did you call him last night?(过去行为)
否定句和强调句
- 否定句需借助do/did,例如:
- I do not (don't) like coffee.(一般现在时否定)
- She did not (didn't) finish the task.(一般过去时否定)
- 强调句型为:
- It is/was + 被动语态 + that + 主语 + 动词原形,例如:
- It was he who called you last night.(强调主语)
三、注意事项
语境判断: 若谓语动词为“be+形容词/动名词”结构,优先使用be动词提问;若为实义动词,则使用do/did。 缩写形式
Did you call him last night? → Did you call him last night?(完全正确)
通过以上规则,可系统掌握英语疑问句中be动词与助动词的搭配用法。