关于“which引导定语从句时是否需要加三单”的问题,综合权威资料整理如下:
一、基本规则
主谓一致原则
当定语从句的主语是 单数名词时,谓语动词需使用第三人称单数形式(如 has、 was等)。例如:
> The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
(先行词 book为单数,谓语用 is)
非限制性定语从句
- 通常由逗号与主句隔开,例如:
> The movie, which was released last year, won several awards.
- which可以指代整个主句内容(如 last year),此时谓语动词用单数(如 was)。
二、特殊说明
疑问句中的which
若 which引导定语从句且位于疑问句中,谓语动词仍需用单数第三人称形式。例如:
> Which song did she sing at the concert?
(答:She sang which)
that与which的互换性
在定语从句中, that和 which多数情况下可互换使用,但需注意:
当先行词被 介词修饰时,只能用 which(如 the book which I read);
非限制性定语从句中通常用 which,而限制性定语从句可用 that。
三、注意事项
先行词为单数与复数
which 的单复数形式取决于其指代内容,而非先行词本身。例如:
> The city whichI visited last summer is beautiful.
(先行词 city为单数)
> The students whichare in my class are very active.
(先行词 students为复数)
省略结构
which 引导的定语从句可省略先行词,此时需根据语境判断谓语动词形式。例如:
> The problem whichwe discussed is urgent.
(相当于 The problem that we discussed)
综上, which引导定语从句时需根据先行词的单复数和从句类型确定谓语动词形式,单数主语用单数谓语,且需注意与that的用法区别。